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The carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide to methyl formate (methyl methanoate) is catalyzed by strong bases, such as potassium methoxide. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The main application of potassium methoxide is use as basic transesterification catalyst in biodiesel synthesis (as a 25-32% methanolic solution).
Tertiary alcohols react with strong acids to generate carbocations. The reaction is related to their dehydration, e.g. isobutylene from tert-butyl alcohol. A special kind of dehydration reaction involves triphenylmethanol and especially its amine-substituted derivatives. When treated with acid, these alcohols lose water to give stable ...
Methanol and its vapours are flammable. Moderately toxic for small animals – Highly toxic to large animals and humans (in high concentrations) – May be fatal/lethal or cause blindness and damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart if swallowed – Toxicity effects from repeated over exposure have an accumulative effect on the central nervous system, especially the optic nerve – Symptoms may ...
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Aliphatic metal alkoxides decompose in water as summarized in this idealized equation: Al(OR) 3 + 3 H 2 O → Al(OH) 3 + 3 ROH. In the transesterification process, metal alkoxides react with esters to bring about an exchange of alkyl groups between metal alkoxide and ester. With the metal alkoxide complex in focus, the result is the same as for ...
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -The Biden administration added more than two dozen Chinese entities to a U.S. restricted trade list on Wednesday, including Zhipu AI, a developer of large language models ...
A Lewis base is often a Brønsted–Lowry base as it can donate a pair of electrons to H +; [11] the proton is a Lewis acid as it can accept a pair of electrons. The conjugate base of a Brønsted–Lowry acid is also a Lewis base as loss of H + from the acid leaves those electrons which were used for the A—H bond as a lone pair on the ...
(The Center Square) – A new Republican oversight report accuses former Congresswoman Liz Cheney of colluding with witnesses in the Jan. 6 Select Committee investigation that she oversaw.