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Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / ⓘ GAY-lik), [3] [4] [5] is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. [4] [6] [7] [8] [3] It is a member of the Goidelic languages of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. [9]
Not all Irish given names have English equivalents, though most names have an anglicised form. Some Irish names have false cognates, i.e. names that look similar but are not etymologically related, e.g. Áine is commonly accepted as the Irish equivalent of the etymologically unrelated names Anna and Anne.
Gaelic, by itself, is sometimes used to refer to Scottish Gaelic, especially in Scotland, and therefore is ambiguous.Irish and Manx are sometimes referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic (as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages), but the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when used to denote languages, always refer to those languages.
These are: the Goidelic languages (Irish and Scottish Gaelic, both descended from Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (Welsh and Breton, descended from Common Brittonic). [5] The other two, Cornish (Brittonic) and Manx (Goidelic), died out in modern times [6] [7] [8] with their presumed last native speakers in 1777 and 1974 respectively.
Gaelic languages or Goidelic languages, a linguistic group that is one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic languages, including: Primitive Gaelic or Archaic Gaelic, the oldest known form of the Gaelic languages; Old Gaelic or Old Irish, used c. AD 600–900; Middle Gaelic or Middle Irish, used c. AD 900–1200
The Irish language is a modern Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic or Gaeilge. Irish language may also refer to: Hiberno-English, the dialect of English written and spoken in Ireland; Languages of Ireland, an overview of languages spoken in Ireland, including Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
The two comparatively "major" Gaelic nations in the modern era are Ireland (which had 71,968 "daily" Irish speakers and 1,873,997 people claiming "some ability of Irish", as of the 2022 census) [1] and Scotland (58,552 fluent "Gaelic speakers" and 92,400 with "some Gaelic language ability" in the 2001 census). [56]
The dative has replaced the nominative in a few regional Irish dialects (particularly Galway-Connemara and Waterford). [1] Poets and nineteenth-century Irish nationalists used Erin in English as a romantic name for Ireland. [2] Often, "Erin's Isle" was used.