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Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy' and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells.
Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally not hormones or growth factors (despite some overlap in the terminology) [citation needed].
Pages in category "Cytokines" The following 110 pages are in this category, out of 110 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. In humans, there are two major forms, MIP-1α and MIP-1β, renamed CCL3 and CCL4 respectively, since 2000. [3]
This list aims to organize information on how proteins are most often classified: by structure, by function, or by location. ... Chemokines and their receptors ...
Fifty chemokines have been discovered so far, and most bind onto CXC and CC families. [4] Two types of chemokines that bind to these receptors are inflammatory chemokines and homeostatic chemokines. Inflammatory chemokines are expressed upon leukocyte activation, whereas homeostatic chemokines show continual expression. [3]
An inflammatory cytokine is a type of cytokine (a signaling molecule) that is secreted from immune cells and certain other cell types that promotes inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by T helper cells (T h) and macrophages and involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. [1]
CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics [ 5 ] and thereby recruits monocytes , memory T cells , and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection .