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Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This is the most common infection and very common in babies younger than 6 months.
Otitis media. Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media by age 3 years. [23] Acute otitis media is also most common in these first 3 years of life, though older children may also experience it. [19]
[2] [3] Mastoiditis is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. With the development of antibiotics , however, mastoiditis has become quite rare in developed countries where surgical treatment is now much less frequent and more conservative, unlike former times.
There are numerous indications for tympanostomy in the pediatric age group, [1] [10] the most frequent including chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) which is unresponsive to antibiotics, and recurrent otitis media.
Antipyrine and benzocaine ear drops is a medication for the treatment of ear pain caused by otitis media.It combines antipyrine, an NSAID, and benzocaine, a local anaesthetic in order to treat ear pain, alongside hydroxyquinoline sulfate, an antiseptic and preservative.
Recurrent acute otitis media: three ear infections in six months or four infections in a year. [1] [7] Chronic otitis media with persistent effusion for six months (one ear) or three months (both ears). [1] [7] Tympanostomy tubes should only be inserted in children with persistent effusion during an active episode of effusion. [1]
Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, [1] is inflammation of the ear canal. [2] It often presents with ear pain , swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing . [ 2 ] Typically there is pain with movement of the outer ear . [ 3 ]