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Note 1: Adhesion requires energy that can come from chemical and/or physical linkages, the latter being reversible when enough energy is applied. Note 2: In biology, adhesion reflects the behavior of cells shortly after contact to the surface. Note 3: In surgery, adhesion is used when two tissues fuse unexpectedly. [1]
Schematic of cell adhesion. Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released ...
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins [1] that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. [2] In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings.
Brunauer, Emmett and Teller's model of multilayer adsorption is a random distribution of molecules on the material surface. Adsorption is the adhesion [1] of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. [2] This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent.
Homophilic adhesion involves the immunoglobulin-like domains on the cell surface binding to the immunoglobulin-like domains on an opposing cell's surface while heterophilic adhesion refers to the binding of the immunoglobulin-like domains to integrins and carbohydrates instead. [21] Cell adhesion is a vital component of the body.
Bacterial adhesins are cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion or adherence to other cells or to surfaces, usually in the host they are infecting or living in. Adhesins are a type of virulence factor. Adherence is an essential step in bacterial pathogenesis or infection, required for colonizing a new host. [1]
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. [3] Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. [4]
Cell motility involves many receptors, crosslinking, bundling, binding, adhesion, motor and other proteins. [16] The process is divided into three steps: protrusion of the leading edge of the cell, adhesion of the leading edge and de-adhesion at the cell body and rear, and cytoskeletal contraction to pull the cell forward.