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Massacres of gypsies also occurred in various localities, including one occurring in Nagyszalonta now in Romania. [46] Of a population of around 100,000 Roma in Hungary, around 50,000 were subjected to forced labour. [45]
This village has a very young age structure and a growing population while other nearby villages are ageing and depopulating very fast L. Karavelovo village Aksakovo, Varna: 1,539 1,065 69.20% Seliminovo: village Sliven, Sliven: 1,481 819 55.30% Svoboda gypsy part Maglizh: 800 800 ~100% Svoboda: village Chirpan, Stara Zagora: 1,131 688 60.83% ...
In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
A General Association of the Gypsies of Romania was established in 1933 with the holding of a national conference and the publication of two journals, Neamul Țiganesc ("Gypsy nation") and Timpul "time"). An "international" conference was organized in Bucharest the following year. [28]
There is a sizable Romani minority in Romania, known as Ţigani in Romanian and, recently, as Rromi, of 621,573 people or 3.3% of the total population (2011 census), although the Council of Europe estimates the figure to be 1.85 million people or 8.32% of the population. [127]
Romania's population has declined steadily in recent decades, from a peak of 23.2 million in 1990 to 19.12 million in 2021. [9] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. [9] In 1990, Romania's population was estimated to be 23.21 million inhabitants. [10]
The total number of pupils identified as Traveller of Irish heritage and Gypsy/ Roma at the end of the secondary phase, key stage four, is very small. In the summer 2023 DfE data, there were around 1,400 Gypsy/ Roma pupils and 190 Travellers of Irish Heritage at the end of key stage four, out of around 607,000 pupils overall. [135]
In May 1942 an order was issued according to which all "Gypsies" living in the Balkans were to be arrested. Although the Nazi regime never produced the "Gypsy Law" desired by Himmler, [33] policies and decrees were passed which discriminated against the Romani people. [34] Roma were classified as "asocial" and "criminals" by the Nazi regime. [35]