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Female spiders' reproductive tracts are arranged in one of two ways. The ancestral arrangement ("haplogyne" or "non-entelegyne") consists of a single genital opening, leading to two seminal receptacles (spermathecae) in which females store sperm.
The underside and head of a female ecribellate entelegyne spider. Abdomen or opisthosoma: One of the two main body parts , located towards the posterior end; see also Abdomen § Other animals; Accessory claw: Modified setae at the tip of the tarsus in web-building spiders; used with tarsal claws to grip strands of the web [1]
A more complicated form of epigyne is found in spiders of the genus Araneus, where there is developed an appendage which is usually soft and flexible, and which is termed the scape or ovipositor. When there is a well-developed scape, the tip of it is usually more or less spoon-shaped. This part of the scape is termed the cochlear.
Most spiders possess venom, which is injected into prey (or defensively, when the spider feels threatened) through the fangs of the chelicerae. Male spiders have specialized pedipalps that are used to transfer sperm to the female during mating. Many species of spiders exhibit a great deal of sexual dimorphism. [1]
The female-biased sexual size dimorphism observed in many taxa evolved despite intense male-male competition for mates. [28] In Osmia rufa, for example, the female is larger/broader than males, with males being 8–10 mm in size and females being 10–12 mm in size. [29] In the hackberry emperor females are similarly larger than males. [30]
After reaching sexual maturity, a female tarantula normally mates and lays eggs once per year, [28] [29] although they do not always do so. [30] As with other spiders, the mechanics of intercourse are quite different from those of mammals. Once a male spider reaches maturity and becomes motivated to mate, he weaves a web mat on a flat surface.
Scytodidae spiders are haplogyne, meaning they lack hardened female genitalia. They have six eyes, like most spiders in this group, arranged in three pairs. They possess long legs and a dome-shaped cephalothorax, and are usually yellow or light brown with black spots or marks. Their domed head and three eye groups tend to resemble a human skull ...
The term comes from the Greek γυνή (gynē) 'female', ἀνήρ (anēr) 'male', and μορφή (morphē) 'form', and is used mainly in the field of entomology. Gynandromorphism is most frequently recognized in organisms that have strong sexual dimorphism such as certain butterflies, spiders, and birds, but has been recognized in numerous ...