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Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a form of modal dispersion where two different polarizations of light in a waveguide, which normally travel at the same speed, travel at different speeds due to random imperfections and asymmetries, causing random spreading of optical pulses.
In a dispersive prism, material dispersion (a wavelength-dependent refractive index) causes different colors to refract at different angles, splitting white light into a spectrum.
Dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) is a type of optical fiber made to optimize both low dispersion and low attenuation.. Dispersion Shifted Fiber is a type of single-mode optical fiber with a core-clad index profile tailored to shift the zero-dispersion wavelength from the natural 1300 nm in silica-glass fibers to the minimum-loss window at 1550 nm.
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light.The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science.
Physical optics is also the name of an approximation commonly used in optics, electrical engineering and applied physics.In this context, it is an intermediate method between geometric optics, which ignores wave effects, and full wave electromagnetism, which is a precise theory.
Cladding in optical fibers is one or more layers of materials of lower refractive index in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index.. The cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection at the boundary between the core and cladding. [1]