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In the human body, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament is a bilaterally paired ligament extending between the transverse process coccyx, and the inferolateral angle of the sacrum. [1] The ligament forms a foramen for [2] [1] an anterior ramus [1] of the fifth sacral nerve (S5). [2] [1] The ligament may become ossified. [1]
It stretches from median sacral crest [3] and the free margin of the sacral hiatus [1] to the dorsal surface of the coccyx. [1] The lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments run from the lower lateral angles of the sacrum to the transverse processes of the first coccygeal vertebra to complete the foramina for the last sacral nerve. [1]
A coccyx with four vertebrae below the sacrum. The coccyx is formed of three, four or five rudimentary vertebrae.It articulates superiorly with the sacrum.In each of the first three segments may be traced a rudimentary body and articular and transverse processes; the last piece (sometimes the third) is a mere nodule of bone.
The sacrum has a base, an apex, and three surfaces – a pelvic, dorsal and a lateral surface. The base of the sacrum, which is broad and expanded, is directed upward and forward. On either side of the base is a large projection known as an ala of sacrum and these alae (wings) articulate with the sacroiliac joints.
The deep dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius profundum) is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament. [1] A flat band arising inside the sacral canal, posteriorly at the orifice of the fifth sacral segment, it descends to the dorsal surface of the coccyx under its longer fellow described below.
The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament or ventral sacrococcygeal ligament consists of a few irregular fibers, which descend from the anterior surface of the sacrum to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum. [1]
coccyx and anococcygeal raphe: inferior gluteal artery: levator ani nerve inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus; supports organs in pelvic cavity: 2 1 pubococcygeus: Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani: back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia: coccyx and sacrum: inferior gluteal artery: levator ani nerve
[3] [4] It is inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. [3] [4] In combination with the levator ani, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [5] The pudendal nerve runs between the coccygeus muscle and the piriformis muscle, superficial to the coccygeus muscle. [6]