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The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) also has standards for motor oil. Introduced in 2004, GF-4 [27] applies to SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, and 10W-30 viscosity grade oils. In general, ILSAC works with API in creating the newest gasoline oil specification, with ILSAC adding an extra requirement of fuel ...
The oil fails the test at a particular temperature if the oil is too viscous. The grade of the oil is that associated with the coldest temperature at which the oil passes the test. For example, if an oil passes at the specified temperatures for 10W and 5W, but fails at the 0W temperature, the oil is grade 5W. It cannot be labeled 0W or 10W.
Multigrade synthetic oil—in SAE 5W-40 and 15w-40 viscosity ranges [3] Single grade conventional oil—in SAE 20, 30, 40 and 50; Synthetic blend oil; Shell is marketing their new CJ-4/SM oil as "Triple Protection," meaning it provides enhanced qualities for engine wear, soot control and engine cleanliness.
Also, to free up power, some engines in performance applications run lower weight oil, which requires less power to run the oil pump. Common oil weights in engines today are usually either 5W-30 or 10W-30 oil, whereas performance engines might use 0W-20 oil, which is less viscous. [8]
A sample of synthetic motor oil. Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially modified or synthesised. Synthetic oil is used as a substitute for petroleum-refined oils when operating in extreme temperature, in metal stamping to provide environmental and other benefits, and to lubricate pendulum clocks.
Thus the issue of multigrade oils came into being, where with variable temperatures of, say, −10 °C during the cold nights and 20 °C during the days, a 5 weight oil would be good as the oil would be pumpable in a cold engine and as the engine came up to running temperature, and the day warmed up, the characteristics of a 30 weight oil would ...