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Use of ECN on a TCP connection is optional; for ECN to be used, it must be negotiated at connection establishment by including suitable options in the SYN and SYN-ACK segments. When ECN has been negotiated on a TCP connection, the sender indicates that IP packets that carry TCP segments of that connection are carrying traffic from an ECN ...
Connection establishment is a major contributor to latency as experienced by web users. [110] [111] TCP's three-way handshake introduces one RTT of latency during connection establishment before data can be sent. [111] For short flows, these delays are very significant. [112]
The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface.It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio.
In contrast, HTTP/2 carried over TCP can suffer head-of-line-blocking delays if multiple streams are multiplexed on a TCP connection and any of the TCP packets on that connection are delayed or lost. QUIC's secondary goals include reduced connection and transport latency, and bandwidth estimation in each direction to avoid congestion.
The connection-oriented protocol classes (protocol classes 2 and 3) provide the means to set up signalling connections in order to exchange a number of related NSDUs. The connection-oriented protocol classes also provide a segmenting and reassembling capability.
the fixed port number 3386 was used for all functions (not just charging as in GTPv1); TCP was allowed as a transport option instead of UDP, but support for this was optional; subscription-related fields such as quality of service were more limited.
Verified for iOS 9.3 and later. 1. Double press the Home button or swipe up and hold. 2. Swipe up on the image of the app. 3. Re-launch the app and attempt to reproduce the issue.
The communication between two diameter peers starts with the establishment of a transport connection (TCP or SCTP). The initiator then sends a Capabilities-Exchange-Request (CER) to the other peer, which responds with a Capabilities-Exchange-Answer (CEA). For RFC3588 compliant peers TLS (Transport Layer Security) may optionally be negotiated.