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A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits (fingers and toes) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. . Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves, and horns of ver
The lunula (pl.: lunulae; from Latin 'little moon') is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail.. In humans, it appears by week 14 [1] of gestation, and has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (the part of the nail that grows outward).
Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium is characterized by the adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. [3]: 788 The condition may be present at birth or acquired, and may cause pain with manipulation of small objects, typing, and close manicuring of the nail.
At the end of the ventral scales of the snake is a cloacal plate that protects the opening to the cloaca (a shared opening for waste and reproductive material to pass) on the underside near the tail. This scale has also been the anal scale, which is a misnomer since it does not cover an anus but a cloaca.
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Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium [2] and is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate. White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. It accounts ...
Once considered a rare causative agent, [12] T. rubrum is now the most common cause of invasive fungal nail disease (called onychomycosis or tinea unguium). [10] Nail invasion by T. rubrum tends to be restricted to the underside of the nail plate and is characterized by the formation of white plaques on the lunula that
Beau's lines should also be distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the nail plate. As the nail grows out, the ridge in the nail can be seen to move upwards until it reaches the fingertip. When it reaches this point the fingertips can become sore for a few days as the nail bed is exposed by the ...