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Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates produces anti-fracture and bone mineral density effects that persist for 3–5 years after an initial 3–5 years of treatment. [2] The bisphosphonate alendronate reduces the risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures by 35-39%; zoledronate reduces the risk of hip fractures by 38% and of vertebral ...
The implication is that bisphosphonates may not be the initiating cause of ONJ and that other pre-existing or concurrent systemic and/or local dental factors are involved. [53] [54] Since ONJ has been diagnosed in many patients who did not take bisphosphonates, it is thus logical to assume that bisphosphonates are not the only factor in ONJ.
Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates are the current most used drugs in the class because of their potency. [15] Studies have showed that nitrogen on bisphosphonates forms hydrogen bond with threonine (Thr201) and the carbonyl part of Lysine (Lys200) on target enzyme, therefore enhancing the binding of the complex. Altering the position of ...
Bisphosphonates are either administered orally or intravenously. They reduce bone resorption. [31] Mechanism of action: Bisphosphonate binds to the mineral component of the bone and inhibits enzymes (i.e. farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase) responsible for bone formation, osteoclast recruitment and osteoclast function. [29] [31]
It is in the bisphosphonate family of medications. [3] It works by blocking the activity of osteoclast cells and thus decreases the breakdown of bone. [3] Zoledronic acid was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. [3] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9]
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [4]
In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a communication warning of the possibility of severe and sometimes incapacitating bone, joint or muscle pain. [8] A study conducted by the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research concluded that long-term use of bisphosphonates, including Boniva, may increase the risk of a rare but serious fracture of the femur. [9]
Etidronic acid is a bisphosphonate used to strengthen bone, treat osteoporosis, and treat Paget's disease of bone. Bisphosphonates primarily reduce osteoclastic activity, which prevents bone resorption , and thus moves the bone resorption/formation equilibrium toward the formation side and hence makes bone stronger on the long run.