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Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice. Statistically, the level of downside risk can be calculated as the product of the probability that harm occurs (e.g., that an accident happens) multiplied by the severity of that harm (i.e., the average amount of harm or more conservatively the maximum credible amount of harm).
PCA is a function of just the covariance matrix, and the first PCA pattern is defined so as to maximise explained variance; DCA is a function of the covariance matrix and a vector direction (the gradient of the impact function), and the first DCA pattern is defined so as to maximise probability density for a given value of the impact metric
More specifically, if the likelihood function is twice continuously differentiable on the k-dimensional parameter space assumed to be an open connected subset of , there exists a unique maximum ^ if the matrix of second partials [], =,, is negative definite for every at which the gradient [] = vanishes, and if the likelihood function approaches ...
One point of possible objection interests the uncertainties associated with a PSA. The PSA (Probabilistic Safety Assessment) has often no associated uncertainty, though in metrology any measure shall be related to a secondary measurement uncertainty, and in the same way any mean frequency number for a random variable shall be examined with the dispersion inside the set of data.
A fault tree diagram. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a type of failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is examined. This analysis method is mainly used in safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand how systems can fail, to identify the best ways to reduce risk and to determine (or get a feeling for) event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level ...
graph with an example of steps in a failure mode and effects analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects.
The role of the Fisher information in the asymptotic theory of maximum-likelihood estimation was emphasized and explored by the statistician Sir Ronald Fisher (following some initial results by Francis Ysidro Edgeworth). The Fisher information matrix is used to calculate the covariance matrices associated with maximum-likelihood estimates.
Risk assessment using qualifiers – estimate of risk associated with a particular hazard using qualifiers like high likelihood, low likelihood, etc Risk-based auditing – type of auditing which focuses upon the analysis and management of risks with the greatest potential impact Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback