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Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding.
Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier discover a new gas called oxygen, discrediting the basic theory of chemistry at the time, creating the basis for the modern science of chemistry, and prompting chemists all over the world to look for more new elements; Humphry Davy introduces audiences to nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") and uses electricity to search for new chemical elements.
Magnesium exists in the upper atmosphere in a variety of different molecular forms. Due to its ability to react with common oxygen and simple carbon-oxygen compounds the magnesium may exist in oxidized compounds including MgO 2, OMgO 2, MgO, and O 2 MgO 2. [10] MgCO 3 + O → MgO 2 + CO 2 OMgO 2 + O → MgO 2 + O 2 MgO + O 3 → MgO 2 + O 2 MgO ...
The chemical nature of Mg 2+ is such that it is closely approximated by few other cations. [66] However, Co 2+ , Mn 2+ and Ni 2+ have been used successfully to mimic the properties of Mg 2+ in some enzyme reactions, and radioactive forms of these elements have been employed successfully in cation transport studies.
Magnesium oxide is the end product of the thermal decomposition of some magnesium compounds and is usually prepared by igniting carbonates or hydroxides. Magnesium hydroxide is a strong electrolyte, which can be obtained by the reaction of a soluble magnesium salt and sodium hydroxide.
Since magnesium nitrate has a high affinity for water, heating the hexahydrate does not result in the dehydration of the salt, but rather its decomposition into magnesium oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides: 2 Mg(NO 3) 2 → 2 MgO + 4 NO 2 + O 2. The absorption of these nitrogen oxides in water is one possible route to synthesize nitric acid.
Orange forsterite with a portion of tephroite. Pure forsterite is composed of magnesium, oxygen and silicon. The chemical formula is Mg 2 SiO 4.Forsterite, fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4) and tephroite (Mn 2 SiO 4) are the end-members of the olivine solid solution series; other elements such as Ni and Ca substitute for Fe and Mg in olivine, but only in minor proportions in natural occurrences.
Magnesium nitride reacts with water to produce magnesium hydroxide and ammonia gas, as do many metal nitrides.. Mg 3 N 2 (s) + 6 H 2 O(l) → 3 Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + 2 NH 3 (g). In fact, when magnesium is burned in air, some magnesium nitride is formed in addition to the principal product, magnesium oxide.