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High phosphate levels can be avoided with phosphate binders and dietary restriction of phosphate. [5] If the kidneys are operating normally, a saline diuresis can be induced to renally eliminate the excess phosphate. In extreme cases, the blood can be filtered in a process called hemodialysis, removing the excess phosphate. [5]
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Phosphorus that runs into freshwater lakes and rivers can cause algal blooms. [16] [19] Phosphate-free detergent reduces the amount of phosphate that wastewater treatment plants must clean up. [16] From the 1960s-2010s the standard way to determine the amount of phosphate in water has been using colorimetry. [20]
Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). [4] Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. [4] Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. [2]
The general chemical structure of bisphosphonate. The R-groups determine the chemical properties of the drug, and distinguishes individual types of bisphosphonates. This chemical structure affords a high affinity for calcium hydroxyapatite, allowing for rapid and specific skeletal targeting.
Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [1]
The pentose phosphate pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. [1]
Acid–base homeostasis is the homeostatic regulation of the pH of the body's extracellular fluid (ECF). [1] The proper balance between the acids and bases (i.e. the pH) in the ECF is crucial for the normal physiology of the body—and for cellular metabolism. [1]