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The Haskalah was multifaceted, with many loci which rose and dwindled at different times and across vast territories. The name Haskalah became a standard self-appellation in 1860, when it was taken as the motto of the Odessa-based newspaper Ha-Melitz, but derivatives and the title Maskil for activists were already common in the first edition of Ha-Meassef from 1 October 1783: its publishers ...
[10]: 100 Even after the Russian government had dissolved all Jewish Kehillah in 1844, the Odesa Kehillah continued to function as a semi-autonomous body in the region, whose meetings were held at regular intervals. [4]: 43 Between 1837 and 1844, the number of Jewish merchants who were members of the kuptsy category increased from 169 to 221 ...
The Society for the Promotion of Culture among the Jews of Russia (Hebrew: Hevra Mefitsei Haskalah; Russian: Obshchestvo dlia rasprostraneniia prosveshcheniia mezhdu evreiami v Rossii, or OPE; sometimes translated into English as "Society for the Spread of Enlightenment among the Jews of Russia") was an educational and civic association that promoted the acculturation of Russian Jews and their ...
The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden.
Empty map: File:World map (Miller cylindrical projection, blank).svg; Some sources available on page Jews on the English Wikipedia; Number of Jews per country considering enlarged estimates: World Jewish Population in the World. Berman Jewish DataBank (2018). Retrieved on 22 June 2019. Author: Allice Hunter
1866 – Odessa-Balta railway begins operating. [4] 1871 Pogrom against Jews. [8] Russian Technical Society, Odessa branch, founded. 1873 – Population: 162,814. [13] 1874 – Theatre Velikanova built. 1875 – Tzar visits Odessa. [6] 1876 – Turkish forces attack Odessa. [4] 1880 – Horse tramway begins operating. [citation needed] 1881
[citation needed] In 1791, he published a French-language pamphlet advocating for Jewish reform, criticizing the Hasidic movement for opposing integration. [2] Among his influential works is a Musar text titled Cheshbon Ha-Nefesh (Moral Accounting), which was published in 1808, based in part on the ethical program described in the autobiography ...
The Jews engaged in trade and various crafts, such as tailoring, weaving, leather processing and even agriculture. The economic activity of Eastern European Jewry was different from that of Central and Western European Jews: in Eastern Europe, the Jews developed specializations in trade, leasing, and crafts, which were hardly found in Western Europe.