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'metal; copper; iron'). [2] The Indian cultural and commercial contacts with the Near East and the Greco-Roman world enabled an exchange of metallurgic sciences. [3] The advent of the Mughals (established: April 21, 1526—ended: September 21, 1857) further improved the established tradition of metallurgy and metal working in India. [4]
This is a timeline of Indian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in India and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of India. Also see the list of governors-general of India, list of prime ministers of India and list of years in India.
Timeline of Indian innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.. The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories: architecture, astronomy, cartography, metallurgy, logic, mathematics, metrology, mineralogy, automobile engineering, information technology, communications, space ...
1984 – Fold-forming system developed by Charles Lewton-Brain to produce complex three dimensional forms rapidly from sheet metal; 1985 – The first fullerene molecule discovered by scientists at Rice University (see also: Timeline of carbon nanotubes) 1986 – The first high temperature superconductor is discovered by Georg Bednorz and K ...
Other Iron Age archaeological cultures of north India were the Painted Grey Ware culture (1300–300 BCE) [1] and the Northern Black Polished Ware (700–200 BCE). This corresponds to the transition of the Janapadas or principalities of the Vedic period to the sixteen Mahajanapadas or region-states of the early historic period, culminating in ...
The history of ferrous metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began in the 2nd millennium BC. Archaeological sites in the Gangetic plains have yielded iron implements dated between 1800 and 1200 BC. [24] By the early 13th century BC, iron smelting was practiced on a large scale in India. [24]
Consequently, at the temperatures needed to reduce zinc oxide to the metal, the metal is already gaseous. [23] [24] Arsenic sublimes at 615 °C (1137 °F), passing directly from the solid state to the gaseous state. [21] Antimony melts at 631 °C (1167 °F) [21] Platinum melts at 1768 °C (3215 °F), even higher than iron. [21]
Metalworking generally is divided into three categories: forming, cutting, and joining. Most metal cutting is done by high speed steel tools or carbide tools. [7] Each of these categories contains various processes. Prior to most operations, the metal must be marked out and/or measured, depending on the desired finished product.