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Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith, promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism, and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices.
Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto (16 August 1882 – 17 December 1934), [1] better known in Indonesia as H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto, was an Indonesian nationalist.He became one of the leaders of the Islamic Trade Union (Indonesian: Syarekat Dagang Islam), founded by Samanhudi, which became Sarekat Islam, which they both cofounded.
Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. [423] Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon , as State holidays.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesian pronunciation: [nahˈdatʊl ʊˈlama], lit. ' Revival of the Ulama ', NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia.Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, [2] making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. [3]
One of these names is Persatuan Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Union) which caused the organization became under the surveillance of Dutch East Indies government. [4] In 1937, Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Union of Islamic Education, PERTI), a name suggested by Rusli Abdul Wahid , was chosen as the new name of the organization.
Criticism of Islam has been aimed at the life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, in both his public and personal lives. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the scriptures of Islam , both the Quran and the hadiths , are also discussed by critics. [ 7 ]
Muhammadiyah follows the Athari school of Sunni Islam, accepting only taking naqli (scripturalist) and rejecting all aqli (rationalist) tendencies.It emphasizes the authority of the Qur'an and the Hadiths as supreme Islamic law that serves as the legitimate basis of the interpretation of religious belief and practices.