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The House of Habsburg gives a well-documented example of pedigree collapse. In the case of Charles II, the last Habsburg King of Spain, there were three uncle-niece marriages among the seven unions of his immediate ancestry (i.e. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents). His father and two of his great-grandfathers married their nieces.
The Fall of the House of Habsburg. Sphere Books Limited, London, 1970. (First published by Longmans in 1963.) Erbe, Michael (2000). Die Habsburger 1493–1918. Urban. Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-17-011866-9. Evans, Robert J. W. The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation. Clarendon Press, 1979. Fichtner, Paula Sutter ...
The family intermarried multiple times, securing power and influence across a European empire for 200 years - but it came with an unusual side-effect.
[13] [a] Traits such as these were often exaggerated by inbreeding, and can be traced within specific families. [10] Although more common than appreciated, the best known historical example is Habsburg jaw, or Habsburg or Austrian lip, due to its prevalence in members of the House of Habsburg, which can be traced in their portraits. [15]
Habsburg family tree. This is a family tree of the Habsburg family. This family tree only includes male scions of the House of Habsburg from 1096 to 1564. [1] Otto II was the first to take the Habsburg Castle name as his own, adding "von Habsburg" to his title and creating the House of Habsburg.
The Habsburg Philip II of Spain and his wife, the Tudor Mary I of England.Mary and Philip were first cousins once removed. The wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse (whose name was changed to Alexandra Feodorovna in the process), second cousins through their shared great-grandparents Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden
Maria Antonia had the highest coefficient of inbreeding in the House of Habsburg, 0.3053: [6] her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first cousin once removed, and her maternal grandparents were also uncle and niece. Her coefficient was higher than that of a child born to a parent and offspring, or brother and sister.
The Habsburg monarchy was a union of crowns, with only partial shared laws and institutions other than the Habsburg court itself; the provinces were divided in three groups: the Archduchy proper, Inner Austria that included Styria and Carniola, and Further Austria with Tyrol and the Swabian lands. The territorial possessions of the monarchy ...