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A thought disorder (TD) is a disturbance in cognition which affects language, thought and communication. [1] [2] Psychiatric and psychological glossaries in 2015 and 2017 identified thought disorders as encompassing poverty of ideas, paralogia (a reasoning disorder characterized by expression of illogical or delusional thoughts), word salad, and delusions—all disturbances of thought content ...
Palilalia is defined as the repetition of the speaker's words or phrases, often for a varying number of repeats. Repeated units are generally whole sections of words and are larger than a syllable, with words being repeated the most often, followed by phrases, and then syllables or sounds.
The Cognitive Slippage Scale (CSS) was introduced in 1985 by Miers and Raulin. The CSS is composed of 35 self-reported true or false questions intended to identify speech deficits and disorganized, confused thinking. [13] Higher scores on this test indicate a higher level of cognitive slippage.
Thought blocking is a neuropsychological symptom expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic. [1] Persons undergoing thought blocking may utter incomprehensible speech; they may also repeat words involuntarily or make up new words.
A word salad is a "confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases", [1] most often used to describe a symptom of a neurological or mental disorder. The name schizophasia is used in particular to describe the confused language that may be evident in schizophrenia . [ 2 ]
Occasionally, patients with logorrhea may produce speech with normal prosody and a slightly fast speech rate. [2] Other related symptoms include the use of neologisms (new words without clear derivation, e.g. hipidomateous for hippopotamus), words that bear no apparent meaning, and, in some extreme cases, the creation of new words and ...
Jargon aphasia is a type of fluent aphasia in which an individual's speech is incomprehensible, but appears to make sense to the individual. Persons experiencing this condition will either replace a desired word with another that sounds or looks like the original one, or has some other connection to it, or they will replace it with random sounds.
Typically, people with expressive aphasia can understand speech and read better than they can produce speech and write. [8] The person's writing will resemble their speech and will be effortful, lacking cohesion, and containing mostly content words. [15] Letters will likely be formed clumsily and distorted and some may even be omitted.