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An "intact" (i.e., not castrated) adult male is called a bull. A father bull is called a sire with reference to his offspring, such as in the herd book or purebred records. A female bovine that has not yet had a calf is known as a heifer. An adult female that has had her first calf (or second calf, depending upon regional usage) is called a cow ...
Before 1790, beef cattle averaged only 160 kg (350 lb) net. Thereafter, weights climbed steadily. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Cattle breeds vary widely in size; the tallest and heaviest is the Chianina , where a mature bull may be up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) at the shoulder, and may reach 1,280 kg (2,820 lb) in weight. [ 10 ]
Two strains were developed, the first to appear being founded by crosses of registered Jersey bulls (the standard) on common muley (hornless) cows. These were graded up by the continued use of purebred Jersey sires, selection being made of the polled offspring of each generation, the horned progeny being discarded.
The etymology of the term "freemartin" is uncertain: speculations include that "free" may indicate "willing" (referring to the freemartin's willingness to work) or "exempt from reproduction" (referring to its sterility, or to a farmer's decision to not bother trying to breed a freemartin, or both), or that it may be derived from a Flemish word for a cow which gives no milk and/or has ceased to ...
For example, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999 (P.L. 106–78, Title IX) defines livestock only as cattle, swine, and sheep, while the 1988 disaster assistance legislation defined the term as "cattle, sheep, goats, swine, poultry (including egg-producing poultry), equine animals used for food or in the production of food, fish used ...
The horns of female bovids are believed to have evolved for defence against predators or to express territoriality, as non-territorial females, which are able to use crypsis for predator defence, often do not have horns. [47] Females possess horns only in half of the bovid genera, and females in these genera are heavier than those in the rest.
NPS spokeswoman Daphne Yun said the agency would also provide additional parks police patrol in the area, where animal rescuers said at least eight animals were found dead or maimed since late July.
Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey. Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mules and hinnies are examples of reciprocal hybrids. Kunga, a cross between a donkey and a Syrian wild ass. Zebroids. Zeedonk or zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross. Zorse, a zebra/horse cross