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A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be ...
Another common example is "RAM memory", which is redundant because "RAM" ("random-access memory") includes the initial of the word "memory". "PIN" stands for "personal identification number", obviating the second word in " PIN number"; in this case its retention may be motivated to avoid ambiguity with the homophonous word "pin".
Neologisms are often formed by combining existing words (see compound noun and adjective) or by giving words new and unique suffixes or prefixes. [9] Neologisms can also be formed by blending words, for example, "brunch" is a blend of the words "breakfast" and "lunch", or through abbreviation or acronym, by intentionally rhyming with existing words or simply through playing with sounds.
Exemplar (textual criticism), the text used to produce another version of the text; Handwriting exemplar, a writing sample that can be examined forensically; Exemplar theory, in psychology, a theory about how humans categorize objects and ideas; Exemplars (comics), a fictional group of eight humans in the Marvel Comics universe
For example, the term acoustic guitar was coined with the advent of the electric guitar, [4] analog watch was introduced to distinguish from the digital watch, [5] push bike was created to distinguish from the motorized bicycle, and feature phone was coined to distinguish from the smartphone.
The word or group of words that is to be defined is called the definiendum, and the word, group of words, or action that defines it is called the definiens. [6] For example, in the definition "An elephant is a large gray animal native to Asia and Africa", the word "elephant" is the definiendum, and everything after the word "is" is the ...
For example, "pride" as a term of venery always refers to lions, never to dogs or cows. Other examples come from popular culture such as a group of owls, which is called a "parliament". [2] Different forms of English handle verb agreement with collective count nouns differently.
The word redrum (i.e., "red rum") is used this way for murder in the Stephen King novel The Shining (1977) and its film adaptation (1980). [11] Anadromes exist in other written languages as well, as can be seen, for example, in Spanish orar ↔ raro or French l'ami naturel ("the natural friend") ↔ le rut animal ("the animal rut").