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Monitoring pregnant women's blood pressure can help prevent both complications and future cardiovascular diseases. [32] [33] Even though high blood pressure and related disorders during pregnancy can be serious, most women with high blood pressure and those who develop preeclampsia have successful pregnancies.
Drug treatment options are limited, as many antihypertensives may negatively affect the fetus. ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and direct renin inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy as they are teratogenic. Methyldopa, hydralazine, nifedipine, and labetalol are most commonly used for severe pregnancy hypertension. [7]
Atenolol has been associated with intrauterine growth retardation, as well as decreased placental growth and weight when prescribed during pregnancy. ACEis and ARBs are contraindicated in women who are or who intend to become pregnant. [47] Periodontal disease could mitigate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. [68] Race.
Labetalol, hydralazine and nifedipine are commonly used antihypertensive agents for hypertension in pregnancy. [6] ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are contraindicated as they affect fetal development. [53] The goal of treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy is to prevent cardiovascular, kidney, and cerebrovascular ...
In pregnant women, ACE inhibitors taken during all the trimesters have been reported to cause congenital malformations, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths. Commonly reported fetal abnormalities include hypotension , renal dysplasia , anuria/oliguria, oligohydramnios , intrauterine growth retardation , pulmonary hypoplasia , patent ductus ...
The antihypertensive activity of hydralazine was discovered by scientists at Ciba, who were trying to discover drugs to treat malaria; it was initially called C-5968 and 1-hydrazinophthalazine; Ciba's patent application was filed in 1945 and issued in 1949, [19] [20] [21] and the first scientific publications of its blood pressure-lowering ...
The use of valsartan in pregnancy is avoided due to the potential risk of fetal toxicity. [11] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has a black box warning for valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide use during pregnancy. [2] The use of hydrochlorothiazide is avoided in those with anuria or severe kidney disease. [12]
The general effects of atenolol, including beta-blocking and antihypertensive effects, last for at least 24 hours following oral doses of 50 or 100 mg. [4] With intravenous administration, maximal reduction in exercise-related tachycardia occurs within 5 minutes and following a single 10 mg dose has dissipated within 12 hours. [4]