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The detachment (отряд or otryad) is the basic unit of the prison. [10] When not in the detachment, prisoners are required to participate in penal labor , which is in the form of work brigades in colony production zones where prisoners earn a wage of which most is paid to the colony for their upkeep.
On the eve of World War II, Soviet archives indicate a combined camp and colony population upwards of 1.6 million in 1939, according to V. P. Kozlov. [62] Anne Applebaum and Steven Rosefielde estimate that 1.2 to 1.5 million people were in Gulag system's prison camps and colonies when the war started. [65] [66]
Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas (mostly in Siberia), most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union (with notable exceptions of the Japanese POW in the Soviet Union), where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads ...
In addition, when necessary (for example, when the Tambov Uprising was suppressed), temporary field camps were organized. [7] The term "corrective labour camp" was introduced in the Soviet Union on June 27, 1929 at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the All–Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). [8]
Gulag or Glavnoye Upravleniye Lagerej was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The Gulag penal system was restricted, with little to no communication between different camps, and were not discussed in the wider Soviet society. [4] As a result, each camp developed its own culture and set of rules, each functioning as distinct ...
The Vorkuta camp was established by Soviet authorities a year later in 1932 for the expansion of the Gulag system and the discovery of coal fields by the river Vorkuta, on a site in the basin of the Pechora River, located within the Komi ASSR of the Russian SFSR (present-day Komi Republic, Russia), approximately 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi) from ...
On September 19, 1939, Lavrenty Beria (the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs) ordered Pyotr Soprunenko to set up the NKVD Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees to manage camps for Polish prisoners. The following camps were established to hold members of the Polish Army: Yukhnovo (rail station of Babynino), Yuzhe
Perm-36 (also known as ITK-6) was a Soviet forced labor colony located near the village of Kuchino, [1] 100 km (60 miles) northeast of the city of Perm in Russia. It was part of the large prison camp system established by the former Soviet Union during the Stalin era, known as the Gulag.