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Because Base64 is a six-bit encoding, and because the decoded values are divided into 8-bit octets, every four characters of Base64-encoded text (4 sextets = 4 × 6 = 24 bits) represents three octets of unencoded text or data (3 octets = 3 × 8 = 24 bits). This means that when the length of the unencoded input is not a multiple of three, the ...
Some encodings (the original version of BinHex and the recommended encoding for CipherSaber) use four bits instead of six, mapping all possible sequences of 4 bits onto the 16 standard hexadecimal digits. Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in ...
The simplicity of the original BinHex format made it inefficient, expanding every byte of input into two, as required by the hexadecimal representation, an 8-to-4 bit encoding. Lempereur implemented a new 8-to-6 bit encoding, which decreased file size by 50% and expanded the checksum from 8 to 16-bits, releasing this as BinHex 2.0.
Hexadecimal can easily be mapped to bytes because two hexadecimal digits is a byte. Base32 does not map to individual bytes. However, two Base32 digits correspond to ten bits, which can encode (32 × 32 =) 1,024 values, with obvious applications for orders of magnitude of multiple-byte units in terms of powers of 1,024.
In MIME (e-mail extensions) quoted-printable encoding, character codes are written as hexadecimal pairs prefixed with =: Espa=F1a is "España" (F1 hex is the code for ñ in the ISO/IEC 8859-1 character set). [12]) PostScript binary data (such as image pixels) can be expressed as unprefixed consecutive hexadecimal pairs: AA213FD51B3801043FBC ...
Base64/UTF-32 gets 5 + 1 ⁄ 3 bytes for any code point. An ASCII control character under quoted-printable or UTF-7 may be represented either directly or encoded (escaped). The need to escape a given control character depends on many circumstances, but newlines in text data are usually coded directly.
An optional base64 extension base64, separated from the preceding part by a semicolon. When present, this indicates that the data content of the URI is binary data , encoded in ASCII format using the Base64 scheme for binary-to-text encoding .
Computer engineers often need to write out binary quantities, but in practice writing out a binary number such as 1001001101010001 is tedious and prone to errors. Therefore, binary quantities are written in a base-8, or "octal", or, much more commonly, a base-16, "hexadecimal" (hex), number format. In the decimal system, there are 10 digits, 0 ...