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A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern. Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art , especially in textiles , tiles , and wallpaper .
The 17 wallpaper groups, with finite fundamental domains, are given by International notation, orbifold notation, and Coxeter notation, classified by the 5 Bravais lattices in the plane: square, oblique (parallelogrammatic), hexagonal (equilateral triangular), rectangular (centered rhombic), and rhombic (centered rectangular).
A tiling that lacks a repeating pattern is called "non-periodic". An aperiodic tiling uses a small set of tile shapes that cannot form a repeating pattern (an aperiodic set of prototiles). A tessellation of space, also known as a space filling or honeycomb, can be defined in the geometry of higher dimensions.
Symmetries are central to the art of M.C. Escher and the many applications of tessellation in art and craft forms such as wallpaper, ceramic tilework such as in Islamic geometric decoration, batik, ikat, carpet-making, and many kinds of textile and embroidery patterns. [46] Symmetry is also used in designing logos. [47]
Dual semi-regular Article Face configuration Schläfli symbol Image Apeirogonal deltohedron: V3 3.∞ : dsr{2,∞} Apeirogonal bipyramid: V4 2.∞ : dt{2,∞} Cairo pentagonal tiling
Solid geometry, including table of major three-dimensional shapes; Box-drawing character; Cuisenaire rods (learning aid) Geometric shape; Geometric Shapes (Unicode block) Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names; List of symbols; Pattern Blocks (learning aid)
In geometry, a two-dimensional point group or rosette group is a group of geometric symmetries that keep at least one point fixed in a plane. Every such group is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(2), including O(2) itself. Its elements are rotations and reflections, and every such group containing only rotations is a subgroup of the special ...
Name Algebraic Curves ¿ Curves ¿ Curves: Cubic Plane Curve: Quartic Plane Curve: Rational Curves: Degree 2: Conic Section(s) Unit Circle: Unit Hyperbola: Degree 3: Folium of Descartes: Cissoid of Diocles: Conchoid of de Sluze: Right Strophoid: Semicubical Parabola: Serpentine Curve: Trident Curve: Trisectrix of Maclaurin: Tschirnhausen Cubic ...