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Higher SERT levels lead to lower serotonin levels, causing depression. Increased melatonin. ... This can make those with winter blues or SAD feel more lethargic or tired.
Seasonal affective disorder is a form of depression with serious symptoms, like constant low energy and social isolation. ... Some people could also overproduce the hormone melatonin in the winter ...
Additionally, the hormone melatonin, released before sleep, is triggered by darkness and can make people feel sleepy earlier, in turn affecting mood and mental health.
After going through stages of REM-sleep, people with depression report feeling better, in a study done by Cartwright et al. [40] Conversely, a theory proposed by Revonsuo [41] states that when people experience negative emotions or negative events, when they sleep the REM-sleep replays such events, which is known as rehearsal. [39]
Melatonin may be useful in the treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome. [9] Melatonin is known to reduce jet lag, especially in eastward travel. However, if it is not taken at the correct time, it can instead delay adaptation. [30] Melatonin appears to have limited use against the sleep problems of people who work shift work. [31]
Side effects of melatonin may include sleep disturbance, nightmares, daytime sleepiness, and depression, though the current tendency to use lower doses has decreased such complaints. Large doses of melatonin can even be counterproductive: Lewy et al. [ 48 ] provide support to "the idea that too much melatonin may spill over onto the wrong zone ...