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The MIL-12560K standard actually specifies four classes of hardnesses. The softest class I rates as 260-310. The toughest Class 4 rates as 420-470. [3] (K is the revision number of the standard.) MIL-DTL-46177 is an older, now-replaced standard for a high hardness steel RHA. [4]
Instrumentation controls the operation of process columns. Instrumentation is used to monitor and control the process plant in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries. . Instrumentation ensures that the plant operates within defined parameters to produce materials of consistent quality and within the required specifica
The VPAM scale as of 2009 runs from 1 to 14, with 1-5 being soft armor, and 6-14 being hard armor. [1] Tested armor must withstand three hits, spaced 120 mm (4.7 inches) apart, of the designated test threat with no more than 25 mm (0.98 inches) of back-face deformation in order to pass.
Slow strain rate testing (SSRT), also called constant extension rate tensile testing (CERT), is a popular test used by research scientists to study stress corrosion cracking. It involves a slow (compared to conventional tensile tests) dynamic strain applied at a constant extension rate in the environment of interest.
The Soviet T-64 was the first mass-produced tank with composite armour The Leclerc tank is equipped with NERA (Non-explosive reactive armour) [1] Depending on the operating state, the Leopard 2 has various extended armour elements such as bomb protection for the top, cage armour, extended mine protection (A6M) or additional armour in the form of composite armour MEXAS or AMAP Plasan SandCat ...
The advanced Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour on this T-90S is arranged in pairs of plates, giving the turret its prominent triangular profile.. An element of explosive reactive armour (ERA) is made of either a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two metal plates, or multiple "banana shaped" rods filled with high explosive which are referred to as shaped charges.
A typical fluid catalytic cracking unit in a petroleum refinery. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products.
The Ramsbottom test is used to measure carbon residues of an oil. In brief, the carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature conditions in an inert atmosphere. This is an important value for the crude oil refinery, and usually one of the measurements in a crude oil assay.