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In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model was the first successful model of the atom. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest Rutherford 's nuclear model , it supplanted the plum pudding model of J J Thomson only to be replaced by the quantum atomic model in the 1920s.
In a May 1911 paper, [7] Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. [2] In it, the atom is made up of a central charge (this is the modern atomic nucleus, though Rutherford did not use the term "nucleus" in his paper). Rutherford only committed himself to a ...
Rutherford's model, being supported primarily by scattering data unfamiliar to many scientists, did not catch on until Niels Bohr joined Rutherford's lab and developed a new model for the electrons. [54]: 304 Rutherford model predicted that the scattering of alpha particles would be proportional to the square of the atomic charge.
The development in the nascent quantum physics, such as Bohr model, led to the understanding of chemistry in terms of the arrangement of electrons in the mostly empty volume of atoms. In 1918, Rutherford confirmed that the hydrogen nucleus was a particle with a positive charge, which he named the proton.
The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [2]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [3] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.
1913 Niels Bohr presents his quantum model of the atom [3] 1913 Robert Millikan measures the fundamental unit of electric charge; 1913 William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg work out the Bragg condition for strong X-ray reflection; 1914 Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 January 2025. Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods Extended periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium ...
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. A negatively charged electron, confined to an atomic orbital, orbits a small, positively charged nucleus; a quantum jump between orbits is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic radiation. The evolution of atomic models in the 20th century: Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Heisenberg ...