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Molecular mimicry has been characterized as recently as the 1970s as another mechanism by which a pathogen can generate autoimmunity. Molecular mimicry is defined as similar structures shared by molecules from dissimilar genes or by their protein products.
About 22 Ph.D. students graduated from the Immunology Unit over the subsequent thirty years. Ebringer is the pioneer researcher behind autoimmune disease and "molecular mimicry," and was head of the Middlesex AS (Ankylosing Spondylitis) Clinic, London, for nearly 20 years where the London AS Diet was employed as successful therapy in AS patients.
Molecular mimicry – An exogenous antigen may share structural similarities with certain host antigens; thus, any antibody produced against this antigen (which mimics the self-antigens) can also, in theory, bind to the host antigens, and amplify the immune response.
Michael B. A. Oldstone. Michael Beaureguard Alan Oldstone (February 9, 1932 – July 13, 2023) [1] was an American virologist and immunologist known for his work on viral pathogenesis, a field of which he is considered one of the founders. [2]
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIRE gene. [5] It is a 13 kbp gene on chromosome 21q22.3 that encodes 545 amino acids. [ 6 ] AIRE is a transcription factor expressed in the medulla [ broken anchor ] (inner part) of the thymus .
The first step in diagnosing autoimmune disorders typically involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history and a comprehensive physical examination. [34] Clinicians often pay close attention to the patient's symptoms, family history of autoimmune diseases, and any exposure to environmental factors that might trigger an ...
Molecular mimicry occurs when epitopes are shared between host antigens and Streptococcus antigens. [21] This causes an autoimmune reaction against native tissues in the heart that are incorrectly recognized as "foreign" due to the cross-reactivity of antibodies generated as a result of epitope sharing. The valvular endothelium is a prominent ...
ANA is a marker of the autoimmune process – it is positive with a variety of different autoimmune diseases but not specific. Consequently, if an ANA test is positive, it is often followed up with other tests associated with arthritis and inflammation , such as a rheumatoid factor (RF), an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a c-reactive ...