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Like any elevated tumor marker, elevated AFP by itself is not diagnostic, only suggestive. Tumor markers are used primarily to monitor the result of a treatment (e.g. chemotherapy). If levels of AFP go down after treatment, the tumor is not growing. In the case of babies, after treatment AFP should go down faster than it would normally. A ...
Very high AFP levels may be subject to hooking (see Tumor marker), which results in the level being reported significantly lower than the actual concentration. [29] This is important for analysis of a series of AFP tumor marker tests, e.g. in the context of post-treatment early surveillance of cancer survivors, where the rate of decrease of AFP ...
[47] [48] Both these markers are associated with the number of tumor cells present in the blood, and as such, are hoped to provide a surrogate for tumor progression and metastasis. However, significant barriers to their adoption include the difficulty of enriching, identifying, and measuring CTC and miRNA levels in blood.
A new study is raising fresh questions about the value of breast cancer screening in older women, finding that those 70 and older who underwent mammograms were more apt to be diagnosed with tumors ...
For example, tumor markers like Ki-67 can be used to choose form of treatment or in prognostics but are not useful to give a diagnosis, while other tumor markers have the opposite functionality. Therefore it's important to follow the guidelines of the specific tumor marker. Tumor markers are mainly used in clinical medicine to support a ...
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 44 [15] ng/mL or μg/L: Hepatocellular carcinoma or testicular cancer Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) In males and non-pregnant females: 5 [15] IU/L or mU/mL: choriocarcinoma CA19-9: 40 [15] U/mL: Pancreatic cancer CA-125: 30, [71] 35 [72] kU/L or U/mL: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Non-smokers, 50 years: 3. ...
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