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Gastrin is a linear peptide hormone produced by G cells of the duodenum and in the pyloric antrum of the stomach.It is secreted into the bloodstream. The encoded polypeptide is preprogastrin, which is cleaved by enzymes in posttranslational modification to produce progastrin (an intermediate, inactive precursor) and then gastrin in various forms, primarily the following three:
Fasting gastrin levels on at least three occasions [16] Gastric acid secretion and pH (normal basal gastric acid secretion is less than 10 mEq/hour; in Zollinger–Ellison patients, it is usually more than 15 mEq/hour) [17] An increased level of chromogranin A is a common marker of neuroendocrine tumors.
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell. [1]
Pentagastrin (trade name Peptavlon) is a synthetic polypeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. [2] It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid as the pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin test.
Betazole (also known as ametazole) is a histamine H 2 receptor agonist.Betazole hydrochloride is known as gastramine and histalog.. It has been used as a gastric stimulant to test for maximal production of gastric secretion activity. [1]
A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells. G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas [1] and duodenum. The vagus nerve innervates the G cells.