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The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially a theocratic republic. [16] Article 2 of the Constitution explains the principles of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Article 2 The Islamic Republic is a system based on belief in:
The United Nations also stated that if the Iranian government did acknowledge that the Baháʼí Faith is a religion, it would be an admission that freedom of religion does not apply to all in Iran and that it is not abiding by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenants on Human Rights to which it is a signatory. [19]
Religion in Iran has been shaped by multiple religions and sects over the course of the country's history. Zoroastrianism was the main followed religion during the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), Parthian Empire (247 BC-224 AD), and Sasanian Empire (224-651 AD). Another Iranian religion known as Manichaeanism was present in Iran during this period.
A unique feature of Iran's economy is the large size of the religious foundations, called Bonyads, whose combined budgets make up more than 30% of that of the central government. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] [ 92 ] Setad , another organization worth more than $95 billion, has been described as "secretive" and "little known". [ 93 ]
The Iranian government's 2016 census purportedly presents 99% of the Iranian population as Muslim [14] [dead link ] (c.f. pie chart and its sources), and 80% of this figure is composed of Twelver Shias. [citation needed] [disputed (for: being unsourced, discrepant with chart sources) – discuss] Approximately 7% of Iranians are Sunnis.
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran [1] [2] (Persian: قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran) is the supreme law of Iran. It was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906 . [ 5 ]
Islam is the state religion of the country. Under the post-revolution Iranian constitution of 1979, Iran is government first and foremost by the Supreme Leader of Iran, who is responsible for the delineation and supervision of "the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran".
The Supreme Leader of Iran, [note 1] also referred to as Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, [2] [note 2] but officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority, [note 3] is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran (above the president).