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  2. Lottery (decision theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_(decision_theory)

    In this case, the expected utility of Lottery A is 14.4 (= .90(16) + .10(12)) and the expected utility of Lottery B is 14 (= .50(16) + .50(12)), so the person would prefer Lottery A. Expected utility theory implies that the same utilities could be used to predict the person's behavior in all possible lotteries.

  3. Lottery mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics

    So there is now a 1 in 48 chance of predicting this number. Thus for each of the 49 ways of choosing the first number there are 48 different ways of choosing the second. This means that the probability of correctly predicting 2 numbers drawn from 49 in the correct order is calculated as 1 in 49 × 48. On drawing the third number there are only ...

  4. Lottery ticket hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_ticket_hypothesis

    The term derived from considering the tunable subnetwork as the equivalent of a winning lottery ticket; the chance of any given ticket winning is tiny, but if you buy enough of them you are certain to win, and the number of possible subnetworks increases exponentially as the power set of the set of connections, making the number of possible ...

  5. Gambling mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling_mathematics

    The mathematics of gambling is a collection of probability applications encountered in games of chance and can get included in game theory.From a mathematical point of view, the games of chance are experiments generating various types of aleatory events, and it is possible to calculate by using the properties of probability on a finite space of possibilities.

  6. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    Blum-Blum-Shub is a PRNG algorithm that is considered cryptographically secure. Its base is based on prime numbers. Park-Miller generator: 1988 S. K. Park and K. W. Miller [13] A specific implementation of a Lehmer generator, widely used because it is included in C++ as the function minstd_rand0 from C++11 onwards. [14] ACORN generator: 1989 ...

  7. Mersenne Twister - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister

    The Mersenne Twister algorithm is based on a matrix linear recurrence over a finite binary field. The algorithm is a twisted generalised feedback shift register [4] (twisted GFSR, or TGFSR) of rational normal form (TGFSR(R)), with state bit reflection and tempering.

  8. Randomness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomness

    This is also called pseudorandomness, and is the kind used in pseudo-random number generators. There are many algorithms (based on arithmetics or cellular automaton) for generating pseudorandom numbers. The behavior of the system can be determined by knowing the seed state and the algorithm used. These methods are often quicker than getting ...

  9. Lottery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery

    A lottery drawing being conducted at the television studio at Texas Lottery Commission headquarters Lottery tickets for sale, Ropar, India. 2019. A lottery (or lotto) is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers at random for a prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a national ...