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The United States Courts of Appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system. The list includes both "active" and "senior" judges, both of whom hear and decide cases. Of the thirteen US courts of appeals, twelve are divided into geographical jurisdictions.
The following is a list of all judges of the United States district and territorial courts. The list includes both "active" and "senior" judges, both of whom hear and decide cases. There are 89 districts in the 50 states, with a total of 94 districts including four territories and the District of Columbia.
A retired justice, according to the United States Code, is no longer a member of the Supreme Court, but remains eligible to serve by designation as a judge of a U.S. Court of Appeals or District Court, and many retired justices have served in these capacities. Historically, the average length of service on the Court has been less than 15 years.
In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution.Often called "Article III judges", federal judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade.
The Taft Court era, under the leadership of William Howard Taft, lasted from July 11, 1921 to February 3, 1930; 13 justices served during this court. Taft was also the nation's 27th president (1909–13), and is the only person to serve as both President of the United States and Chief Justice of the United States.
For 2018, Article III judges include 807 judges: 9 in the Supreme Court, 179 in the circuit courts of appeal, 673 in the federal district courts, and 9 judges in the federal court of international trade. [1] As of June 2021, there are nearly 700 federal judges in the United States. [2]
The Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat. 73) set the number of Supreme Court justices at six: one chief justice and five associate justices. [2] One of the associate justice seats established in 1789 (seat 5 below) was later abolished, as a result of the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 (14 Stat. 209), which provided for the gradual elimination of seats on the Supreme Court until there would be seven ...
A total of 116 people have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States, since it was established in 1789.Supreme Court justices have life tenure, meaning that they serve until they die, resign, retire, or are impeached and removed from office.