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As a result, Kaiser William I passed the first act of currency union in the German Empire. The Coinage Act of 4 December 1871 [1] specified the gold content of the new common currency, the imperial gold coin, which was to be used by all state monetary systems from 9 July 1873. The Mark was introduced throughout the Empire on 1 January 1876.
The 1948 currency reform under the direction of Ludwig Erhard is considered the beginning of the West German economic recovery; however, the secret plan to introduce the Deutsche Mark in the Trizone was formulated by economist Edward A. Tenenbaum of the US military government, and was executed abruptly on 21 June 1948.
The history of the Bundesbank is inextricably linked with the history of the German currency after the Second World War.Following the total destruction after the war, the old Reichsmark was practically worthless, and a currency reform was implemented in the western occupation zones including West Berlin: on 21 June 1948, the D-Mark, or Deutsche Mark, replaced the Reichsmark.
The reform replaced the old money with the new Deutsche Mark at the rate of one new per ten old. This wiped out 90% of government and private debt, as well as private savings. Prices were decontrolled, and labor unions agreed to accept a 15% wage increase, despite the 25% rise in prices.
To pay for the large costs of the First World War, Germany suspended the gold standard (the convertibility of its currency to gold) when the war broke out in 1914. Unlike France, which imposed its first income tax to pay for the war, German Emperor Wilhelm II and the Reichstag decided unanimously to fund the war entirely by borrowing.
The East German mark (German: Mark der DDR [ˈmaʁk deːɐ̯ ˌdeːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), commonly called the eastern mark (German: Ostmark [ˈɔstmaʁk] ⓘ) in West Germany and after reunification), in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Its ISO 4217 currency code was DDM.
The ability of the reformed Reichsbank to extend credit to the Reich government was strictly limited. The new currency, the Reichsmark (RM), was set at one trillion paper Mark, restoring the prewar parity of 2790 RM for one kilogram of fine gold; the pre-reform notes ceased to be legal tender on 5 June 1925. [12]: 22
Currency of Germany 15 November 1923 – 29 August 1924 Circulates in Germany 30 August 1924 – 1948 Note: Reichsmark was the legal tender: Succeeded by: East German mark Reason: reaction to the changeover in Trizone (later West Germany) Ratio: 1 Mark = 7 Rentenmark on the first 70 Rentenmark for private individuals, otherwise 1 Kuponmark = 10 ...