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In Jammu Division, it developed into Dogri, [26] which was a "highly imperfect" script later consciously influenced in part by Gurmukhi during the late 19th century, [28] possibly to provide it an air of authority by having it resemble scripts already established in official and literary capacities, [29] though not displacing Takri. [28]
2.1 Gurmukhi script. 2.2 Devanagari script. 2.3 Shahmukhi script. 2.4 English translation. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item ...
Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
The Gurmukhi script is used to write virtually all Sikh Scriptures and texts. The Gurmukhi alphabhet has 35 original letters, as well as six supplementary consonants in official usage, [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] referred to as the navīn ṭolī , navīn varag , or pair bindi meaning "new group," [ 15 ] [ 16 ] created by placing a dot ( bindī ) at ...
Gurshaahi Foundation also started an e-learning initiative that seeks to promote the Gurmukhi script, which includes free Punjabi Learning courses for those who want to learn Punjabi. [8] On the occasion of New Year, Gurshaahi took a new initiative to print literary calendars. [9] Gurshaahi is also planning on opening rural libraries across Punjab.
The word 'bir' (Gurmukhi: ਬੀੜ, romanized: Bīṛa; alternatively spelt as 'birh') in Sikhism refers to a complete volume of a Sikh scripture as an individual corpus. [1] [2] The term "Bir" is derived from the Sanskrit verb vīḍ which means "to make strong or firm, strengthen, fasten, or to be strong, firm or hard."
It presents the Zafarnama and Hikayats in the Perso-Arabic Nastaliq script. [ 11 ] The early Anandpuri, Patna, and Mani Singh manuscripts include writings that are disputed in the contemporary era, as well as sections such as the Ugradanti and Sri Bhagauti Astotra that were removed from the Dasam Granth codified in the 20th century by the ...