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For injuries that penetrate the peritoneal cavity (penetrating abdominal trauma), prophylactic (preventative) antibiotics are often administered with the goal of reducing the risk of sepsis and septic complications, including septicaemia, abscesses in the abdomen, and wound infections.
Penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) typically arises from stabbings, ballistic injuries (shootings), or industrial accidents. [16] PAT can be life-threatening because abdominal organs, especially those in the retroperitoneal space , can bleed profusely, and the space can hold a large volume of blood. [ 2 ]
Current evidence supports limiting the use of fluids for penetrating thorax and abdominal injuries, allowing mild hypotension to persist. [4] [55] Targets include a mean arterial pressure of 60 mmHg, a systolic blood pressure of 70–90 mmHg, [54] [57] or the re-establishment of peripheral pulses and adequate ability to think. [54]
868 Injury to other intra-abdominal organs. 868.0 Injury to other intra-abdominal organs without mention of open wound into cavity. 868.00 Injury to unspecified intra-abdominal organ without open wound into cavity; 868.01 Injury to adrenal gland without open wound into cavity; 868.02 Injury to bile duct and gallbladder without open wound into ...
“A bleeding puncture site in the left upper abdomen with an underlying puncture of the abdominal wall.” A “penetrating wound into the liver” measured 6.5 centimeters (about 2.56 inches).
The death rate for diaphragmatic rupture after blunt and penetrating trauma is estimated to be 15–40% and 10–30% respectively, but other injuries play a large role in determining outcome. [6] Herniation of abdominal organs is present in 3–4% of people with abdominal trauma who present to a trauma center. [9]
Gastrointestinal perforation is defined by a full-thickness injury to all layers of the gastrointestinal wall, resulting in a hole in the hollow GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine). A hole can occur due to direct mechanical injury or progressive damage to the bowel wall due to various disease states.
An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue [1] caused by immediate physical stress. Injuries to humans can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, or overexertion.