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Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production .
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and in men, [1] [2] and gynecomastia in men. They may also be used off-label to reduce estrogen conversion when supplementing testosterone exogenously. They may also be used for chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer.
Clomifene is sometimes used in the treatment of male hypogonadism as an alternative to testosterone replacement therapy. [17] [non-primary source needed] It has been found to increase testosterone levels by 2- to 2.5-times in hypogonadal men at such dosages.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. [5] [6] [7] In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and ...
LHRH (luteinising hormone-releasing hormone) agonists block the production of sex hormones in both men and women. [16] In men, LHRH agonists seize testosterone production in the testicles, and in women it blocks the ovaries from producing estrogen and progesterone. [16] These drugs are most commonly used in treatments for prostate cancer. [16]
Anastrozole is in the aromatase-inhibiting family of medications. [7] It works by blocking the production of estrogens in the body, and hence has antiestrogenic effects. [7] Anastrozole was patented in 1987 and was approved for medical use in 1995. [8] [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10]