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Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials such as coke, coal, slag, charcoal, and grit. Clinker often has a glassy look to it, usually because of the formation of molten silica compounds during processing. Clinker generally is much denser than coke, and, unlike coke, generally contains too little carbon to be of ...
Portland cement clinker (abbreviated k in the European norms) is ground to a fine powder and used as the binder in many cement products. A small amount of gypsum (less than 5 wt.%) must be added to avoid the flash setting of the tricalcium aluminate (Ca 3 Al 2 O 6), the most
[2] In a society that exhibits mechanical solidarity, its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work; educational and religious training; age; gender; and lifestyle. Mechanical solidarity normally operates in traditional and small-scale societies (e.g., tribes). [2]
The hardness of clinker is important for the energy cost of the grinding process. It depends both on the clinker's mineral composition and its thermal history. The easiest-ground clinker mineral is alite , so high-alite clinkers reduce grinding costs, although they are more expensive to make in the kiln.
Portland cement clinker was first made (in 1825) in a modified form of the traditional static lime kiln. [2] [3] [4] The basic, egg-cup shaped lime kiln was provided with a conical or beehive shaped extension to increase draught and thus obtain the higher temperature needed to make cement clinker.
Ca(OH) 2 or CaO · H 2 O: Calcium hydroxide (portlandite) C-S-H: 0.6–2.0 CaO · SiO 2 · 0.9–2.5 H 2 O, with variable composition within this range, and often also incorporating partial substitution of Al for Si: Calcium silicate hydrate: C-A-H: Phase more complex than C-S-H: Calcium aluminate hydrate C-A-S-H: This is even more complex than ...
In Germany, clinker bricks (German: Klinkerziegel) are named according to the German Institute for Standardization's DIN 105. They differ between full clinker (KMz) with a density of 2.0 to 2.2 kg/dm 3 (120 to 140 lb/cu ft) and high hole clinker (KHLz) with a density of 1.6 to 1.8 kg/dm 3 (100 to 112 lb/cu ft). Because of their low porosity ...
Material culture is the aspect of culture manifested by the physical objects and architecture of a society. The term is primarily used in archaeology and anthropology, but is also of interest to sociology, geography and history. [1] The field considers artifacts in relation to their specific cultural and historic contexts, communities and ...