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Prizes are often awarded for the solution to a long-standing problem, and some lists of unsolved problems, such as the Millennium Prize Problems, receive considerable attention. This list is a composite of notable unsolved problems mentioned in previously published lists, including but not limited to lists considered authoritative, and the ...
Range minimum query reduced to the lowest common ancestor problem.. Given an array A[1 … n] of n objects taken from a totally ordered set, such as integers, the range minimum query RMQ A (l,r) =arg min A[k] (with 1 ≤ l ≤ k ≤ r ≤ n) returns the position of the minimal element in the specified sub-array A[l …
A candidate reaching the correct answer will receive full marks, regardless of the method used to answer the question. All the questions that are attempted by a student and not crossed out will be assessed. However, only the six best answers will be used in the calculation of the final grade for the paper, giving a total maximum mark of 120.
Extended matching items/questions (EMI or EMQ) are a written examination format similar to multiple choice questions but with one key difference, that they test knowledge in a far more applied, in-depth, sense. It is often used in medical education and other healthcare subject areas to test diagnostic reasoning.
Knowledge-based decision making model [1] Knowledge-Based Decision-Making (KBDM) in management is a decision-making process [2] that uses predetermined criteria to measure and ensure the optimal outcome for a specific topic. KBDM is used to make decisions by establishing a thought process and reasoning behind a decision. [3]
The most frequently used method is querying experts. There exist several querying algorithms that allow one or several experts to construct a knowledge space by answering a sequence of simple questions. [9] [10] [11] Another method is to construct the knowledge space by explorative data analysis (for example by item tree analysis) from data.
The number of Ms in a method depends on the knowledge and skill of the user. Heuristics are given to help decide where an M should be placed in a method. For example, when pointing with the mouse a button press is usually fully anticipated and no M is needed between both operators. [7]
A priori and a posteriori knowledge – these terms are used with respect to reasoning (epistemology) to distinguish necessary conclusions from first premises.. A priori knowledge or justification – knowledge that is independent of experience, as with mathematics, tautologies ("All bachelors are unmarried"), and deduction from pure reason (e.g., ontological proofs).