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, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996 (Google Books) Kennedy, Hugh N. (1998). "Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62– 85. ISBN 978-0-521-47137-4.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
Lists of rulers of Egypt: List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC) List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC) List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD) List of rulers of Islamic Egypt (640–1517) List of Rashidun emirs (640–658) List of Umayyad wali (659–750)
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
826: Abdallah ibn Tahir, appointed as Governor of Egypt. 827: Ali al-Hadi, the 10th Shia Imam is born. Ma'mun declares the Mu'tazili creed as the state religion. Beginning of the Muslim conquest of Sicily. 828: Abdallah ibn Tahir appointed as Governor of Khorasan by Al-Ma'mun in 828. 833: 9 August— Death of Ma'mun. Accession of al-Mu'tasim.
Prince Rahim al-Hussaini, left, Aga Khan V, attends the burial of his father Aga Khan IV, the 49th imam and spiritual leader of Shia Ismaili Muslims, in Egypt's southern city of Aswan on February ...
1974: Beginning of Infitah policy in Egypt, announced by Sadat in an "October paper," representing a move away from Nasser-era socialism, an opening to western capital and a withdrawal from dependency on the USSR; 1974: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation conference held in Lahore. Ahmadis declared kafir (non-Muslim) in Islamic Republic of ...
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