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  2. Hydraulic diameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_diameter

    The hydraulic diameter, D H, is a commonly used term when handling flow in non-circular tubes and channels. Using this term, one can calculate many things in the same way as for a round tube. When the cross-section is uniform along the tube or channel length, it is defined as [1] [2] =, where

  3. Organ flue pipe scaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_flue_pipe_scaling

    Relationship between number of feet, octave and size of an open flue pipe (1′ = 1 foot = about 32 cm) Play ⓘ Scaling is the ratio of an organ pipe's diameter to its length. The scaling of a pipe is a major influence on its timbre. Reed pipes are scaled according to different formulas than for flue pipes.

  4. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

    Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

  5. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 deg C)

  6. Wetted perimeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetted_perimeter

    The length of line of the intersection of channel wetted surface with a cross sectional plane normal to the flow direction. The term wetted perimeter is common in civil engineering , environmental engineering , hydrology , geomorphology , and heat transfer applications; it is associated with the hydraulic diameter or hydraulic radius .

  7. Darcy–Weisbach equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy–Weisbach_equation

    Julius Weisbach was certainly not the first to introduce a formula correlating the length and diameter of a pipe to the square of the fluid velocity. Antoine Chézy (1718-1798), in fact, had published a formula in 1770 that, although referring to open channels (i.e., not under pressure), was formally identical to the one Weisbach would later ...

  8. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

    is the hydraulic diameter, is the frictional coefficient, is the axial coordinate in the manifold, ∆X = L/n. The n is the number of ports and L the length of the manifold (Fig. 2). This is fundamental of manifold and network models.

  9. Circumference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference

    The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. [1] More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure. Circumference may also refer to the circle itself, that is, the locus corresponding to the edge of a disk .