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  2. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.

  3. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US In aviation , visual meteorological conditions ( VMC ) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.

  4. ForeFlight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ForeFlight

    The app supports flight planning features including letting pilots select routes based on IFR waypoints or using waypoints, checkpoints, or geographic features for VFR flight. [6] Pilots can factor instrument departure, arrival, and approach procedures into their route as well as traffic pattern entries to airports.

  5. Flight plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_plan

    In the US, Canada and Europe for eastbound (heading 0–179 degrees) IFR flights, the flight plan must list an "odd" flight level in 2000 foot increments starting at FL190 (i.e., FL190, FL210, FL230, etc.); Westbound (heading 180–359 degrees) IFR flights must list an "even" flight level in 2000 foot increments starting at FL180 (i.e., FL180 ...

  6. Top of climb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_of_climb

    A clearly determined TOC is predicated in planning along the intended route of flight far enough from the departure so that the aircraft is at altitude, on course, trimmed up in cruise flight. The variability of departure is now over and accurate tracking and monitoring of progress are beginning. Use of TOC/TOD in VFR flight planning

  7. Sectional aeronautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectional_aeronautical_chart

    In United States aviation, a sectional aeronautical chart, often called a sectional chart or a sectional for short, is a type of aeronautical chart designed for air navigation under visual flight rules (VFR). In Australia, Canada and some other countries, the equivalent charts used for visual flight are called VFR Navigation Charts (VNCs).

  8. VFR over-the-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR_Over-The-Top

    The Canadian rules specify that an aircraft may be operated in VFR OTT flight during the cruise portion of the flight during the day, at a vertical distance from clouds of at least 1000 feet. When the aircraft is operated between two cloud layers, the vertical distance between the layers must be at least 5000 feet.

  9. Flight planning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_planning

    Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air traffic control requirements, to minimise the risk of midair collision.