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Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information. It is a component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory [ 1 ] (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM).
Echoic memory is measured by behavioural tasks where participants are asked to repeat a sequence of tones, words, or syllables that were presented to them, usually requiring attention and motivation. The most famous partial report task was conducted by presenting participants with an auditory stimulus in the left, right, and both ears ...
With regards to language, a characteristic of children who begin speaking late in development is reduced duration of echoic memory. [16] In short, "Echoic memory is a fast-decaying store of auditory information." [17] In the case of damage to or lesions developing on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, or hippocampus, echoic memory will likely be ...
According to the modality effect, echoic memory has an advantage over iconic memory. [12] Research has shown that the speech is more apt to objective interpretation than inputs to the visual system. This indicates that auditory information is first processed for its physical features, and then combined with visual information features.
As with iconic memory, echoic memory only holds superficial aspects of sound (e.g. pitch, tempo, or rhythm) and it has a nearly limitless capacity. [16] Echoic memory is generally cited as having a duration of between 1.5 and 5 seconds depending on context [16] [17] [18] but has been shown to last up to 20 seconds in the absence of competing ...
Iconic memory is a fast decaying store of visual information, a type of sensory memory that briefly stores an image that has been perceived for a small duration. Echoic memory is a fast decaying store of auditory information, also a sensory memory that briefly stores sounds that have been perceived for short durations.
The introduction of stimuli which were hard to verbalize, and unlikely to be held in long-term memory, revolutionized the study of VSTM in the early 1970s. [6] [7] [8] The basic experimental technique used required observers to indicate whether two matrices, [7] [8] or figures, [6] separated by a short temporal interval, were the same.
Sperling built upon this experiment to then determine the amount of time before information was discarded from a person's memory. Using the same matrix, allowing viewers to see the matrix for the same amount of time, and still giving the pitches to cue the viewer which row to recall, Sperling added a twist: there would be a 5-millisecond delay ...