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Solid properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o solid? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o solid? J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p liquid: 181,2 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p gas: 103,6 J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o liquid +12.0 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o liquid: 220.96 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c ...
Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l,-ɔː l,-oʊ l /), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [15] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3, often abbreviated as PhCH 3, where Ph stands for the phenyl group. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the odor associated with paint thinners.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
Alkylbenzenes are derivatives of benzene, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups. The simplest member, toluene (or methylbenzene), has the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring replaced by a methyl group. The chemical formula of alkylbenzenes is C n H 2n-6. [2] Safety hazards of toluene.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Chlorotoluenes are aryl chlorides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a chlorine atom. They have the general formula C 7 H 8–n Cl n, where n = 1–5 is the number of chlorine atoms.
Tosyl group (blue) with a generic "R" group attached Tosylate group with a generic "R" group attached. Note the extra oxygen, compared to plain tosyl. In organic chemistry, a toluenesulfonyl group (tosyl group, abbreviated Ts or Tos [nb 1]) is a univalent functional group with the chemical formula −SO 2 −C 6 H 4 −CH 3.
In addition to p-cymene, two less common geometric isomers are o-cymene, in which the alkyl groups are ortho-substituted, and m-cymene, in which they are meta-substituted. p-Cymene is the only natural isomer, as expected from the terpene rule. All three isomers form the group of cymenes. Cymene is also produced by alkylation of toluene with ...