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Surinam (Dutch: Suriname), also unofficially known as Dutch Guiana, was a Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas and the predecessor polity of modern country of Suriname.It was bordered by the fellow Dutch colony of Berbice to the west, and the French colony of Cayenne to the east.
Surinam became the most important colony in the Americas for the Netherlands after the loss of Dutch Brazil in 1654. In the 1700s, many African slaves known as Maroons began escaping to the south of the colony and creating their own tribes and began a small uprising against Dutch rule. In 1762, the Maroons won their freedom and signed a treaty ...
The Dutch acquired Suriname from the English, and European settlement in any numbers dates from the 17th century, when it was a plantation colony utilizing slavery for sugar cultivation. With abolition in the late 19th century, planters sought labor from China, Madeira, India, and Indonesia, which was also colonized by the Dutch. Dutch is ...
The term Dutch Guiana (Dutch: Nederlands Guiana) is often unofficially used for Suriname, in an analogy to British Guiana and French Guiana. Officially, the name has always been Surinam or Suriname, both in Dutch [ 4 ] and English, [ 5 ] Before 1814, however, there were several Dutch colonies in the Guianas : Suriname, Berbice , Essequibo ...
The Second Anglo-Dutch War broke out in March 1665. Willoughby was drowned around late July 1666 off Guadeloupe, when his fleet was destroyed in a hurricane. [8]When the English attacked the Dutch settlements in 1667, Surinam was captured by the Dutch Admiral Abraham Crijnssen and the main settlement renamed Fort Zeelandia.
In some Dutch colonies, there are major ethnic groups of Dutch ancestry descending from emigrated Dutch settlers. In South Africa, the Boers and Cape Dutch are collectively known as the Afrikaners. The Burgher people of Sri Lanka and the Indo people of Indonesia as well as the Creoles of Suriname are mixed race people of Dutch descent ...
The Dutch lost Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara; these colonies were consolidated under a central British administration and would be known after 1831 as British Guiana. The Dutch retained Suriname. After 1814, the Guianas came to be recognised individually as British Guiana, French Guiana, and Dutch Guiana.
Under Dutch rule, Suriname was a lucrative plantation colony focused mostly on sugar; its economy was driven by African slave labour until the abolition of slavery in 1863, after which indentured servants were recruited mostly from British India and the Dutch East Indies. In 1954, Suriname became a constituent country of the Kingdom of the ...