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The wildlife of Sri Lanka includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of biological endemism (16% of the fauna and 23% of flowering plants are endemic [ 1 ] ).
The animal life in freshwater comprises a great diversity. The organisms ranging from tiny protozoa to large mammals in size. Sri Lanka is a hydraulic civilization. First civilizations in Sri Lanka were originated closer to main rivers in Sri Lanka such as Mahaweli, Kelani, Malwathu and Gin Ganga.
In January 2019, the new species, P. conniffae was discovered in southern Sri Lanka. [10] Sri Lanka has the highest percentage of extinct and threatened amphibian species in Asia. [2] In the 20th century the country has lost 20% of its amphibians and more than half of the remaining species are on the verge of extinction.
This is a list of reptiles of Sri Lanka. The reptilian diversity in Sri Lanka is higher than the diversity of other vertebrates such as mammals and fish with 181 reptile species. All extant reptiles are well documented through research by many local and foreign scientists and naturalists.
"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Sri Lanka". IUCN. 2001 dead link ] "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007 "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006
Being an island Sri Lanka lacks land area to supports large animals. [3] However fossil evidence of large archaic species of rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, and lions have been discovered. The flora and fauna of Sri Lanka is mostly understudied. [4] Therefore, the number of endemics could be underestimated.
Pushed out of forest habitat, toque macaques are considered a "menace" by farmers. [10] They were used by both Sri Lanka Army and Tamil Tigers as target practice during the Sri Lankan Civil War. [2] The Sri Lankan government proposed exporting 100,000 monkeys to China but scrapped the effort after conservationists and zoologists protested. [11]
The wetland habitats in Bundala harbours about 100 species of water birds, half of them being migrant birds. [1] Of 197 avifaunal species 58 are migratory species. National Bird Ringing Programme (NBRP) was launched in Bundala by in collaboration of Department of Wildlife Conservation and Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka in 2005. [11]