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Lichen islandicus L. (1753) Cetraria islandica , also known as true Iceland lichen [ 1 ] or Iceland moss , is an Arctic-alpine lichen whose erect or upright, leaflike habit gives it the appearance of a moss , where its name likely comes from.
Cetraria is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts.Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath, and are characterised by their "strap-like" form with spiny lobe edges.
Cetraria aculeata or the spiny Iceland lichen [1] is a dark brown to black fruticose, soil Iceland lichen from the family Parmeliaceae. The species was first described by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel Edler von Schreber in 1771 under the name of Lichen aculeatus .
Cetraria arenaria, commonly known as the sand-loving Iceland lichen, [1] is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1977 by the Norwegian lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt .
A gelatinous lichen, also widely known as a "jelly lichen", is one with a cyanobacterial species ("blue-green alga") as the principal photobiont. Chains of the photobiont, rather than fungal hyphae, make up the bulk of the thallus, which is unlayered (and undifferentiated) as a result. [43] Such lichens lack a cortex. [44]
Iceland is of volcanic origin with the landscape being influenced by water and wind erosion, abrasion and frost action. The Highlands form a plateau some 500 m (1,640 ft) above sea level, lying in the central and southeastern part of the island, and occupy about 40% of the landmass; they consist largely of volcanic deserts interspersed with glaciers.
Cetraria laevigata is a species of ground-dwelling, fruticose (bushy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species by Russian lichenologist Kseniya Aleksandrovna Rassadina in 1943. In North America, it is commonly known as the striped Iceland lichen. [1]
Examples of edible lichen, grouped by their families, include: Cladoniaceae. Cladonia spp. Cladonia rangiferina — reindeer lichen [16] (primarily in areas of alpine tundra) Cladonia evansii [3] Parmeliaceae. Cetraria islandica — Iceland moss (Alaska, Canada, Iceland, British Isles, Appalachian Mountains) [17]: 106 Bryoria fremontii — wila